Stepper Motor Speed Control Without Microcontroller

Step 1: Get All the Parts and Componenets
An A4988 stepper motor driver is a great way to drive stepper motors. It requires a digital pulse signal to run the stepper motor for consecutive steps. It also features micro-stepping function. The RPM of the stepper motor depends upon the frequency of the input pulses. In this Instructable, I will be showing you how you can make a simple stepper motor controller by using a 555 timer IC as a digital pulse generator and get the motor running. Let's get started!

Here is what all you will need:

An NE555 timer IC

A stepper motor

An A4988 stepper motor driver

A breadboard

Some jumper wires

Any capacitor between 1 and 47 uF

A 10k Ohm potentiometer(Also, try using a 100k one)

A 9-12 volt DC power source

A 1k Ohm resistor

An LED(Optional)

A 1k Ohm resistor(For the LED)

An SPDT switch(Optional, for controlling the stepper motor's direction)

A voltage regulator with a 5-volt output(L7805CV, use a regulator if you don't have a separate 5 volts power supply)


Step 2: Follow the Circuit Diagram and Set Up Everything
Follow the circuit diagram(click on it to get full view) and start by plugging on the 555 timer IC and the motor driver on the breadboard. Then, continue by connecting the capacitor and resistors to the 555 timer IC. Check the images above for reference.

Step 3: Connect the Stepper Motor to the Motor Driver
Connect the two pairs of the hybrid stepper motor's wires to the outputs of the A4988 driver board. Connect 1A and 1B to the first pair and 2A and 2B to the second one.

Step 4: Connect to Power and Turn It On
Double check all the wiring connections. The 555 timer IC and the A4988 motor driver's logic circuitry will require 5 volts. Since the 555 timer generates the output pulses with peak voltages equal to the supply voltage, you will not want any higher voltage signal to go in the motor driver's input. Use a voltage regulator if you have a single power input(12-volt) to get 5-volt output for the logic and control circuitry.

Step 5: Is It DONE?
Don't stop here! Try experimenting with different values of resistors and capacitors. Also, this project can prove to be useful for stepper motor harvesters who take apart printers and similar stuff to get stepper motors and test them for performance.


http://uid.me/christ_cecillia1
http://www.bloghotel.org/ccSTEPPER/527722/

Large appliances and machinery needed by Dental Clinic

Dental Autoclaves: In order to perform sterilization with steam at a temperature of more than 100ºC, an autoclave (typically class B) will also be more than necessary.autoclave clase B.

Dental X-Rays Machine: For dental diagnosis and treatments it is very common in dentistry to perform radiographic tests. Using Dentaltix's online store you can find all kinds of materials used for x-rays including developer boxes, intensifier screens, negatoscopes, films, x-ray holders, x-ray positioners, protective materials, cleaning materials, x-ray protectors, sensor protectors, stain removers, developers, fixers and more.

Cabinet Lamps: Cabinet lamps are an essential tool in every dental clinics, and are necessary in order to work with precision and in the most comfortable way possible. They are made up of an articulated arm and head, designed with a concave surface that reflects halogen or LED light at a Kelvin temperature as natural as possible. This helps both the professional to identify realistic colours during treatment while ensuring full comfort for the patient. Lastly, these lamps can be either floor or wall mounted.

Dental Stools: Buying a medical stool can be a very important decision, as the dentist must allow himself to work in the greatest amount of comfort. This is why ergonomics are essentials, along with a good tripod support in order to avoid any long-term issues. Depending on the degree of comfort that you may want as a dentist, or the tasks you wish to perform, there are different types of stools: with or without armrests, specific for operating rooms etc....



Dental chairs with dental unit: The purchase of dental chairs for a clinic can include simply the chair or actually form an entire dental unit including the usual handpiece equipment (micromotor dental, contra-angle handpiece, turbine, ultrasound, etc.) along with some other basic elements such as control panels, autoclaves, water distillers, glass filling, etc.. All of which depend on the model.

Source:https://www.dentalsalemall.com/article-85-Large-appliances-and-machinery-required-by-dental-clinic.html
 

How to prevent the backflow of dental suction unit?

Studies have shown that cross-contamination between patients can result from the backflow of bacteria dislodged from dental suction unit. A PubMed study revealed that the majority of the bacteria isolated from backflow samples were staphylococci, micrococci, and non-fermenting Gram-negative rods. Infectious agents such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were also isolated from backflow fluids.

Here are six things you can do to avoid backflow episodes:

1.Never create a vacuum by sealing your lips around the saliva ejector

2.Never suck on the saliva ejector

3.Ask your dental professional if they use a backflow prevention mechanism

4.Ask your dental professional how often they flush the vacuum lines. (Ideally, they do it after every patient.(Click here to buy contra-angle speed-increasing handpiece)

5.Ask your dental professional about single-use evacuation options

6.Tell your dental professional that you value their attention to equipment cleanliness

Although the risk of cross-contamination due to backflow is considered to be low, infection control should always be a top priority. Disposable and single-use evacuation products are available to lessen the risk of patient-to-patient contamination.

Related articles:

Why do we need teeth whitening? What is the best way to whiten your teeth?

How to choose a good dentist?

Source:http://www.dentalpicnic.com/2019/11/06/how-to-prevent-the-backflow-of-dental-suction-unit/

Safe Drugs Used for Dental Sedation

COMMON SEDATION DRUGS FOR DENTAL OFFICES

1.      Midazolam

2.      Fentanyl
MIDAZOLAM

Midazolam is an anti-anxiety drug. It relaxes you and makes you sleepy. It is in the class of drugs known as benzodiazepines, which is closely related to diazepam (Valium).（Intraoral Camera）

It is used for both adults and children to reduce anxiety and fear in the dental chair.  This drug is given intravenously in a vein in your arm.  For children, however it is usually given by mouth and some dentists give this as a nasal spray for children.  This drug is given just before the dental procedure begins in the office.   This drug is not for pregnant women, so it is important to tell your dentist if you are pregnant or nursing.  It is also important to tell your dentist what vitamins and supplements you are taking.  This can have an effect on Midazolam.

Dr. Benjamin with My Desert Dental is licensed to administer anesthesia and is trained extensively in this type of sedation.  When you have sedation dentistry performed in our office, you can rest assured that we are trained and knowledgeable in this area.

Midazolam is a drug that requires us to monitor your blood pressure, heart and breathing.

There are some rare but possible side effects, including: nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, forgetfulness and clumsiness.  It is also recommended that you don’t operate machinery or drive for 24 hours.

Another important note - do not drink alcohol the night before you are going to be given midazolam and for 24 hours afterwards. The combination of midazolam and alcohol can cause increased sedation and may be life-threatening.

There are certain types of people who should not take Midazolam, including certain types of glaucoma, pregnant women and anyone with sleep apnea.  You should discuss your medical issues with your dentist prior to your dental procedure.
（Marathon Micro Motor）

New State of the Art Milling Machine in our Dental Center - See more at: http://www.mydesertdental.com/blog/tag/equipment.html#sthash.iEFQoqVB.dpuf

At the My desert dental Implant Center in Las Vegas, Nevada, we believe in using state of the art technology and expertise to give our dental implant patients the best possible experience.  Because of this, we are constantly upgrading our equipment. （Dental Implant Machine）

Meet our newest tooth milling machine located in our state of the art milling center, inside our offices.  This Ceramill Motion 2 – 5 axis wet and dry milling machine makes beautiful teeth.  The highly efficient machine offers a blow-out function and tool cooling integrated air nozzles as well as a coolant unit in wet operation.

With this milling machine, we are able to digitally fabricate your teeth.  The 5-axis milling technique (wet and dry) can operate wet, dry or a combination of both.  We can mill and grind your teeth to the perfect size – making our dental implant center convenient and state of the art.

Let’s look at some of the comments about this machine – “Highly precise, quick, cost-effective and multi-indicative with an intuitive workflow from dental technicians for dental technicians.  State of the art and indispensable…”

The Motion 2 5x machine is compact, versatile and everything we need for our state of the art milling center.  This machine has been on the market since 2012.  It is possible to machine glass-ceramics and new polymer resins or infiltrated glass-ceramic and more.  The dry milling is optimal for Zirconia, which is the product used for our dental implants, called ZirTeeth.

Some of the highlights on this state of the art machine include an intelligent axis reaches undercut areas, industrial, high-tech components to exceed load bearing capacity, an extensive range of indications that will allow us to create inlays / outlays, bridge and crown frameworks, crowns, bridges and custom abutments.  Basically, we can create anything we need to create right in our center.  Our machine has network and server connections so we can back up our digital creations for safe keeping.

Our Motion 2 5 Axis Milling Machine is extremely robust.  Many milling options today tell you about the applications and diverse materials they can mill but they don’t always talk about dental technology versatility or quality of the system.  Our machine has a structural design that keeps the moving parts to a minimum for increased precision and stability.  This vibration free design is state of the art and ensures durability and a smooth operation while maintaining precision – which is exactly what you want when your teeth are being designed and created.

In addition, there are axis guidance which helps minimize the vibration during the milling and grinding process, ensuring a reliable and efficient machine creating beautiful dental craftsmanship from our digital design.

No matter where you live, My Desert Dental is committed to helping you with your dental implant needs.  We offer dental implant solutions with state of the art technology and a milling center inside our Las Vegas based office.  Learn more about what we can do for you with the latest available option in Dental Implants.（Air Scaler）

At the My desert dental Implant Center in Las Vegas, Nevada, we believe in using state of the art technology and expertise to give our dental implant patients the best possible experience.  Because of this, we are constantly upgrading our equipment. 

Meet our newest tooth milling machine located in our state of the art milling center, inside our offices.  This Ceramill Motion 2 – 5 axis wet and dry milling machine makes beautiful teeth.  The highly efficient machine offers a blow-out function and tool cooling integrated air nozzles as well as a coolant unit in wet operation.

With this milling machine, we are able to digitally fabricate your teeth.  The 5-axis milling technique (wet and dry) can operate wet, dry or a combination of both.  We can mill and grind your teeth to the perfect size – making our dental implant center convenient and state of the art. 

Let’s look at some of the comments about this machine – “Highly precise, quick, cost-effective and multi-indicative with an intuitive workflow from dental technicians for dental technicians.  State of the art and indispensable…”

The Motion 2 5x machine is compact, versatile and everything we need for our state of the art milling center.  This machine has been on the market since 2012.  It is possible to machine glass-ceramics and new polymer resins or infiltrated glass-ceramic and more.  The dry milling is optimal for Zirconia, which is the product used for our dental implants, called ZirTeeth. 

Some of the highlights on this state of the art machine include an intelligent axis reaches undercut areas, industrial, high-tech components to exceed load bearing capacity, an extensive range of indications that will allow us to create inlays / outlays, bridge and crown frameworks, crowns, bridges and custom abutments.  Basically, we can create anything we need to create right in our center.  Our machine has network and server connections so we can back up our digital creations for safe keeping. 

Our Motion 2 5 Axis Milling Machine is extremely robust.  Many milling options today tell you about the applications and diverse materials they can mill but they don’t always talk about dental technology versatility or quality of the system.  Our machine has a structural design that keeps the moving parts to a minimum for increased precision and stability.  This vibration free design is state of the art and ensures durability and a smooth operation while maintaining precision – which is exactly what you want when your teeth are being designed and created.

In addition, there are axis guidance which helps minimize the vibration during the milling and grinding process, ensuring a reliable and efficient machine creating beautiful dental craftsmanship from our digital design.

No matter where you live, My Desert Dental is committed to helping you with your dental implant needs.  We offer dental implant solutions with state of the art technology and a milling center inside our Las Vegas based office.  Learn more about what we can do for you with the latest available option in Dental Implants.

- See more at: http://www.mydesertdental.com/blog/tag/equipment.html#sthash.iEFQoqVB.dpuf

At the My desert dental Implant Center in Las Vegas, Nevada, we believe in using state of the art technology and expertise to give our dental implant patients the best possible experience.  Because of this, we are constantly upgrading our equipment. 

Meet our newest tooth milling machine located in our state of the art milling center, inside our offices.  This Ceramill Motion 2 – 5 axis wet and dry milling machine makes beautiful teeth.  The highly efficient machine offers a blow-out function and tool cooling integrated air nozzles as well as a coolant unit in wet operation.

With this milling machine, we are able to digitally fabricate your teeth.  The 5-axis milling technique (wet and dry) can operate wet, dry or a combination of both.  We can mill and grind your teeth to the perfect size – making our dental implant center convenient and state of the art. 

Let’s look at some of the comments about this machine – “Highly precise, quick, cost-effective and multi-indicative with an intuitive workflow from dental technicians for dental technicians.  State of the art and indispensable…”

The Motion 2 5x machine is compact, versatile and everything we need for our state of the art milling center.  This machine has been on the market since 2012.  It is possible to machine glass-ceramics and new polymer resins or infiltrated glass-ceramic and more.  The dry milling is optimal for Zirconia, which is the product used for our dental implants, called ZirTeeth. 

Some of the highlights on this state of the art machine include an intelligent axis reaches undercut areas, industrial, high-tech components to exceed load bearing capacity, an extensive range of indications that will allow us to create inlays / outlays, bridge and crown frameworks, crowns, bridges and custom abutments.  Basically, we can create anything we need to create right in our center.  Our machine has network and server connections so we can back up our digital creations for safe keeping. 

Our Motion 2 5 Axis Milling Machine is extremely robust.  Many milling options today tell you about the applications and diverse materials they can mill but they don’t always talk about dental technology versatility or quality of the system.  Our machine has a structural design that keeps the moving parts to a minimum for increased precision and stability.  This vibration free design is state of the art and ensures durability and a smooth operation while maintaining precision – which is exactly what you want when your teeth are being designed and created.

In addition, there are axis guidance which helps minimize the vibration during the milling and grinding process, ensuring a reliable and efficient machine creating beautiful dental craftsmanship from our digital design.

No matter where you live, My Desert Dental is committed to helping you with your dental implant needs.  We offer dental implant solutions with state of the art technology and a milling center inside our Las Vegas based office.  Learn more about what we can do for you with the latest available option in Dental Implants.

- See more at: http://www.mydesertdental.com/blog/tag/equipment.html#sthash.iEFQoqVB.dpuf

Problems With Your Teeth? Keep Reading For Helpful Advice.

Many people out there think that they only have to be responsible for their own teeth. While this is true for many, there are others that need to make sure that their children’s teeth stay in good condition. Here are several tips that will make it easier for you to teach your child proper dental habits.(dental supplies Australia)

After you have brushed your teeth follow up with a good fluoride rinse. A fluoride rinse will help protect your teeth by hardening the enamel on your teeth. For the greatest benefit rinse for at least one minute. The proper procedure for rinsing is to swish the mouthwash between each tooth; then, finish with a quick rinsed to help freshen your breath.

If you are having a hard time brushing your teeth efficiently, you should consider getting an electric toothbrush. These devices are very efficient and will allow you to clean your teeth thoroughly without having to brush vigorously. This is your best option if you have arthritis or if your children do not brush their teeth properly.

Did you just break your tooth? The first thing that you need to do is get in touch with your dentist. After you get in touch with them, rinse your mouth out with warm water. Then use a cold compress on the area to reduce the swelling and decrease any pain.

You must hold your toothbrush correctly if you wish to brush your teeth properly. Hold the toothbrush at an angle when brushing your teeth. Then, you should move the brush with circular motions. Also don’t brush hard as this can damage your gums.

Check your toothbrush for how hard the bristles are. You want something that is soft or even medium grade. Hard bristles can actually wear down your enamel over time. You want something that can remove debris and clean the surfaces of your teeth, but not actually do damage to them.

Time how long you brush your teeth. You should in fact spend no less than two full minutes doing it. Make sure that you brush the outside, inside and tops or bottoms of every tooth. Also make sure that you brush underneath or above both of your gumlines too.

As far as dental care goes, many teens are lazy. One way to get people to brush, use mouthwash and floss regularly is to tell them that people aren’t very attractive when they have breath that’s bad. This motivates your teen because they care what peers think about them.

A toothache has been said to be right up there, if not worse than labor pains. For this reason, it is important to address a toothache at the very first sign of pain. Don’t assume that the pain will just pass. Get it checked out to make sure there is not something more serious going on like an abscess, which can turn serious rather quickly.

If sparkling white teeth from a toothpaste sounds too good to be true, that’s because it is. While non-prescription whitening pastes and rinses may remove light stains on the surface of teeth, they will not produce the best possible results. Only your dentist can help you to achieve these results, often with bleach.

If you suffer from a dry mouth, use a toothpaste and mouthwash specially designed to help relieve dry mouth. Many of today’s leading toothpaste brands contain ingredients that will dry out your mouth. Therefore, if you suffer from dry mouth, look for dry mouth relief toothpastes and mouth washes.

Extraction may be your best bet for relief from the pain caused by wisdom teeth. Tooth removal is a safe procedure, and luckily, your wisdom teeth aren’t required. Infected wisdom teeth must be removed. Those that are painful should be removed, and most wisdom teeth are nothing but trouble.

Think about switching up to an electronic toothbrush if you have not already. These devices are increasingly recommended by dental professionals. The reason for this is the strong performance they offer compared to manual brushing. Electric toothbrushes are able to cup around teeth and work faster. They also do a better job of cleaning the specific sites that bacteria and plaque tend to accumulate in.

If you are thinking about getting a tongue or a lip piercing, you should know that this trend could have devastating effects on your teeth and gums. A metal piercing could crack a tooth badly and having a piercing rub on your gums constantly will cause them to become inflamed.

Regularly replace your toothbrush when it gets worn out. Using a worn-out toothbrush can redistribute old bacteria back in your mouth. It can also harm gums and teeth since its bristles are harder and spread out. It is recommended that you replace your toothbrush every three to four months.

When you visit the dentist every 6 months, you’ll find that your dental health is always in check. Your breath will be fresh and clean, your teeth will stay white and gleaming, and your gums won’t bleed when you brush. When you care about your oral health, you’ll be repaid in spades.

Brushing your teeth twice a day is a great way to keep oral problems at bay. The first time to brush is in the morning, cleaning up everything, which has dried up in your mouth overnight. The next time would be after meals, and then just before bed as well.

Concerned that your breath smells? Lick your hand’s palm and smell it. Of you detect an odor, perhaps you should chew some gum or have a breath mint. This is a great tip to use before having a chat with someone or kissing them!

Be careful to avoid biting any hard surfaces because you can crack the enamel on your teeth. Do not chew ice even though that may be enjoyable on a hot summer day. The ice can make your teeth brittle and the enamel can be damaged without you even being aware of it.

Teaching your child how to take care of their teeth is not as difficult as it might sound. While they may forget sometimes, it is up to you to remind them. Children lead by example, so you have to keep your teeth in tip-top shape if you want to show them how it is done.(Marathon Micro Motor)

Ways To Whiten Your Teeth Effectively And Easily

If you have yellow teeth and would like to learn how to whiten them, but you don’t know where to begin, then this article is for you. It contains several useful tips and tricks that not only will answer your question, but ensure great results with little time and effort.(Intraoral Camera for Sale)

While oranges and lemons are good in supplying you with Vitamin C, they might also be useful in helping to whiten your teeth. Some suggest that you take lemon or orange peels and rub them onto the teeth themselves. You can also use a little salt to see better results with the lemon or orange peel.

Rinse your month with water after drinking coffee, tea, cola or red wine. These substances are notorious for staining teeth and the stains can be very difficult to remove. Rinsing with water will wash away any residue left on your teeth preventing the substances from having prolonged contacted with your teeth and causing stains.

Before the invention of fancy teeth whitening mouthwashes and toothpastes, baking soda served as a great alternative. You can still use baking soda to effectively whiten your teeth. Pour some baking soda on your toothbrush and start brushing your teeth. Make sure that you do not swallow the baking soda and rinse out thoroughly when finished. You can easily see the whitening effects within the first few weeks.

When thinking about whitening your teeth, it is important to keep in mind the color of your natural teeth. Whitening will give you the best results if you have yellow teeth. If your teeth are brownish you will receive medium results. Whitening is least affective on teeth that are gray in color.

Do not use teeth bleaching or whitening kits if you are pregnant. Swallowing even a trace amount of the chemicals and ingredients in these kits is enough to potentially cause harm to the fetus. Instead make sure that you wait until after your baby is born to try a teeth whitening program.

Make sure that you brush your teeth and floss daily after every meal. Flossing and brushing prevents the buildup of unwanted plaque which also discolors your teeth. Plaque is something you want to avoid at all costs and carrying floss with you can greatly help. Focusing on your teeth can assist in preventing discoloration and damage, keeping you healthy for the long term.

Use peroxide and baking soda to whiten your teeth. Use this on your teeth for about five minutes. Never brush too roughly, because it will damage and irritate your gums.

Most smokers already know that smoking leaves their teeth dull looking and discolored. Smokers will always have a much harder time in whitening their teeth than non-smokers. Stopping smoking will improve the color of your teeth drastically. Not to mention, not smoking is just better for your health.

A daily application of strawberry paste can help you take stains off your teeth. Start with fresh strawberries. Grind the fruit into a paste, and gently rub it against your teeth. Strawberries are an all-natural method for whitening teeth and getting stains off them. There is no fear of ending up with unnaturally over-whitened teeth using this method of teeth whitening.

An effective way to get rid of teeth discoloration and make your teeth whiter, consider getting veneers. With veneers, a white-colored tooth covering is placed on top of the discolored teeth, giving them a sparkly appearance. Not only is this method, safe but it is even covered by certain insurance.

Whiten your teeth by getting your teeth cleaned regularly by your dentist. Your teeth will be noticeably whiter as a result of cleaning by your dental hygienist. Your should visit your dentist at least twice a years for cleanings.

If you want to keep your teeth white it is very important for you to brush your teeth in the morning and at night. If you do not brush your teeth at these essential times, it is no wonder you don’t have the white teeth that you are searching for.

If you have or are planning on getting Invisalign to enhance your smile, I recommend that you wait until after your treatment to start whitening your teeth. If you do this, you can save hundreds of dollars on the whitening process by using your Invisalign aligners as trays for your whitening gel.

Use hydrogen peroxide as a mouth rinse to whiten your teeth without using harsh chemicals. Hydrogen peroxide is gentler on tooth enamel than commercial whitening strips and can whiten your teeth significantly if used regularly. Do not swallow the liquid, and brush your teeth immediately after rinsing with hydrogen peroxide.

Coffee and tea should be avoided if you want your smile to shine. These are common culprits in tooth discoloration. When you do have a cup of coffee, clean your mouth with water when you’re done. This can help reduce the teeth-yellowing effect that these drinks will have.

Use the peel of an orange or lemon to brighten your smile naturally. Simply rub the white, inner side of a piece of peel gently against all of your teeth. You can even add a small amount of table salt to the rinds to increase the effect. Do this regularly and see the difference in the whiteness of your teeth.

Another great teeth whitening tip is the use of baking soda with hydrogen peroxide. This is a very useful and very effective agent for your teeth. Just take the two ingredients and mix them together and then apply the paste to pre-brushed teeth. The results are usually seen within the first week of using this. One thing to remember, though, that hydrogen peroxide is not good to swallow so be very careful when using this mixture.

You’ll be amazed at how having white teeth can boost your self-confidence. It will make you more attractive, more socially-engaged, and free you from having to be embarrassed about your smile. Apply the tips in this article to achieve great results from teeth-whitening, and rediscover how to enjoy life with a smile you can be proud of.(Dental Air Scaler)